Are the pairs in creation complementary and purposeful?

The Islamic Worldview

Explain All things were created in pairs.

Qur'an & Tafsir

Summary

The Qur'an repeatedly states that Allah created everything in 'pairs' - a term covering male and female as well as every kind of contrasting duality, including pairs humans have not yet come to know - so that people may reflect and recognise their Creator. Q1 T1 Q2 T2 Q5 T5

Key points

51:49 states pairs were created 'so that you may heed'; al-Jalalayn explains the examples (heaven/earth, sun/moon, sweet/bitter, light/darkness) are meant to lead the reflective person to realise that the Creator of all these pairs is Himself Singular, and so worthy of worship alone. Q1 T1
53:45 specifies one dimension of pairing directly: 'He creates the pairs, male and female' - the two kinds, as al-Jalalayn glosses it. Q5 T5
36:36 widens the scope beyond male and female to 'whatever the earth grows,' to humans, and to 'that which they do not know'; Maarif-ul-Quran explains this includes contrasting categories like chill/heat, land/water, sorrow/happiness and health/sickness, and suggests male-female-like pairing may exist even in minerals and other elements not yet discovered. Q2 T2

References

Q1Adh-Dhariyat 51:49 · The Winnowing Winds
Q2Ya-Sin 36:36 · Ya Sin
Q5An-Najm 53:45 · The Star
T1Al-Jalalayn on 51:49
T2Maarif-ul-Quran on 36:36
T5Al-Jalalayn on 53:45

Sunnah

Summary

Hadith apply the language of 'witr' (the odd, the single) to Allah Himself, teaching that while His creation comes in pairs, He alone is One without like, and He loves odd-numbered acts of worship. H4 H1

Key points

Sahih al-Bukhari records: 'Allah has ninety-nine Names... and Allah is witr (one) and loves the witr' (odd numbers). H4
In Ibn Majah's narration the Prophet told 'the people of the Qur'an' to pray Witr 'for Allah is Witr,' with the report's note glossing Witr as meaning 'one' - unique, with nothing similar or equal to Him. H1

References

H1Sunan Ibn Majah 1169 · Establishing the Prayer and the Sunnah Regarding Them
Authenticity
- Sahih Al-Albani
- Sahih Muhammad Fouad Abd al-Baqi
- Daif Zubair Ali Zai
H4Sahih al Bukhari 6410 · Invocations
Authenticity
- Sahih — the whole collection is accepted as authentic (Sahih al-Bukhari)

Hadith Commentaries

Summary

Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and al-Sindi explain that calling Allah 'Witr' affirms His absolute, indivisible Oneness, setting Him apart from everything else He creates in pairs or numbers. C1 C6

Key points

Al-Sindi explains three senses in which Allah is 'one' (witr): one in His essence (indivisible, not subject to division), one in His attributes (nothing resembles Him), and one in His actions (no partner assists Him). C1
Ibn Hajar reports al-Qurtubi's reading that the hadith's mention of Allah's names and His being Witr fit together: Allah is One in essence, perfection and action, and He 'loves' tawhid - that He alone be affirmed as One, without any partner among His creation. C6
Ibn Hajar also records disagreement over what exactly Allah 'loving the witr' refers to - Qadi Iyad tied it to odd-numbered names signalling His Oneness, others read it as referring to the witr prayer, Friday, or 'Arafah, while al-Qurtubi preferred the unrestricted reading that Allah loves every odd/witr thing He legislates. C6

References

C1Hashiyat al-Sindi on al-Nasa'i on Sunan an-Nasa'i 1675 · al-Sindi, vol. 3 p. 227
C6Fath al-Bari on Sahih al-Bukhari 6410 (part 14 of 14) · Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, vol. 11 p. 213

Reflection & guidance

Guidance from the Qur'an
The verses call the reader to reflect (tadhakkur, 51:49) on the paired nature of creation, and Ya-Sin opens with 'Pure/Glory is He who created all the pairs' (36:36) - directing the heart from observing this universal duality to declaring Allah transcendent above every imperfection His creation shows. Q1 Q2
Guidance from the Sunnah
The Prophet taught 'Allah is Witr (One) and loves the witr,' pairing this declaration with the enumeration of His ninety-nine names, and he himself prayed and commanded the odd-numbered Witr prayer - tying an act of worship to the theological truth of Allah's oneness. H4 H1
Guidance from the scholars
Al-Sindi explains Allah's oneness in three respects - indivisible in essence, unlike anything in attributes, unaided by any partner in action - while Ibn Hajar reports al-Qurtubi's view that the hadith calls believers to tawhid: that Allah alone, unlike everything paired that He creates, has no like or partner. C1 C6
Lesson for the reader
The Qur'an's repeated notice that everything else is created in pairs is meant to turn reflection toward the one exception - Allah - who alone is single, matchless and worthy of worship without partner. Q1 T1 C6

Conclusion

The Qur'an teaches that Allah created "pairs" throughout creation - not only male and female but every kind of contrasting duality, including pairs people do not yet know about - so that this observation would lead them to reflect and recognise their Creator. Hadith and their commentators extend the reflection theologically: Allah alone is called "Witr" (One), utterly unlike the paired things He brings into being, and He loves odd-numbered worship as an echo of that Oneness.

Give examples of every kind of contrasting duality

Qur'an & Tafsir

Summary

Beyond male and female, the Qur'an names contrasting pairs across creation: heaven and earth, sun and moon, mountain and plain, summer and winter, sweet and bitter, and light and darkness (Adh-Dhariyat 51:49), alongside pairs of fruit, livestock and transport in other verses. Q1 T1 Q2 T2 Q3 T3 Q8 Q4 T4

Key points

Ya-Sin 36:36 speaks of pairs 'of whatever the earth grows, of humans, and of what they do not know'; Maarif-ul-Quran explains this covers male-female pairing in plants (date-palm, papaya) and animals, and also contrasting qualities such as heat/cold, land/water, sorrow/joy and health/sickness. Q2 T2
Ar-Ra'd 13:3 says every fruit was created in two types, with night made to cover day as a further paired sign; Ibn Kathir adds that neighbouring plots of earth differ in colour, fertility and texture though watered alike. Q3 T3
Al-An'am 6:143 gives eight pairs of livestock - two of sheep, two of goats - while Az-Zukhruf 43:12 pairs man-made boats with the natural cattle given for riding. Q8 Q4 T4

References

Q1Adh-Dhariyat 51:49 · The Winnowing Winds
Q2Ya-Sin 36:36 · Ya Sin
Q3Ar-Ra'd 13:3 · The Thunder
Q4Az-Zukhruf 43:12 · The Ornaments of Gold
Q8Al-An'am 6:143 · The Cattle
T1Al-Jalalayn on 51:49
T2Maarif-ul-Quran on 36:36
T3Tafsir Ibn Kathir on 13:3
T4Maarif-ul-Quran on 43:12

Reflection & guidance

Meaning
Maarif-ul-Quran explains that a 'zawj' (pair) is not only a male-female couple but any two things of a matching kind, so 'pairs' also covers contrasting qualities like heat and cold, or land and water. T2
Guidance from the Qur'an
Adh-Dhariyat 51:49 lists heaven and earth, sun and moon, mountain and plain, summer and winter, sweet and bitter, light and darkness as pairs so 'that you may heed'; Ar-Ra'd 13:3 calls such signs food for 'a people who reflect'. Q1 T1 Q3
Guidance from the scholars
Al-Jalalayn says recognising the Creator of all these pairs leads to realising He Himself is Singular, and so worthy of worship alone; Maarif-ul-Quran notes the Qur'an even points to pairs 'they do not know', hinting at pairing in minerals and other creation not yet discovered. T1 T2
Lesson for the reader
Every contrasting pair observed in the world - from night and day to sweet and bitter - is meant to point the observer back to the one, matchless Creator who has no pair.

Conclusion

The Qur'an describes contrasting pairs across creation - not just male and female but heaven and earth, sun and moon, mountain and plain, summer and winter, sweet and bitter, light and darkness, fruits of two types, paired livestock, and man-made boats alongside natural cattle for riding - as signs meant to prompt reflection on their singular Creator.

are they complementary pairs for a higher purpose ?

Qur'an & Tafsir

Summary

The Qur'an presents paired creation as purposeful signs meant to lead people to reflection and recognition of their Creator, and in the case of spouses, to a specific complementary end: tranquility, love and mercy between them. Q1 Q4 Q5

Key points

Pairs throughout creation are given 'so that you may heed' — the stated purpose is reflection leading to the Creator. Q1
Wives are created from among mankind specifically 'so that you may find tranquility in them,' with love and kindness placed between the pair. Q4
Paired fruits growing from the earth are likewise called signs 'for a people who think.' Q5

References

Q1Adh-Dhariyat 51:49 · The Winnowing Winds
Q4Ar-Rum 30:21 · The Romans
Q5Ar-Ra'd 13:3 · The Thunder

Sunnah

Summary

Hadith teach that Allah alone is called 'Witr' (One) and loves the odd — the opposite of the paired things He creates — and instruct 'the people of the Qur'an' to reflect this in worship by praying Witr. H1 H2

Key points

"Allah is witr (one) and loves 'the witr'" is given alongside the teaching on Allah's ninety-nine names. H2
The Prophet directed 'the people of the Qur'an' specifically to perform Witr prayer 'for Allah is Witr and He loves the odd (numbered).' H1

References

H1Sunan Ibn Majah 1170 · Establishing the Prayer and the Sunnah Regarding Them
Authenticity
- Sahih Al-Albani
- Sahih Muhammad Fouad Abd al-Baqi
- Sahih Lighairihi Shuaib Al Arnaut
- Daif Zubair Ali Zai
H2Sahih al Bukhari 6410 · Invocations
Authenticity
- Sahih — the whole collection is accepted as authentic (Sahih al-Bukhari)

Hadith Commentaries

Summary

Al-Sindi explains that Allah being 'Witr' means He is one in His essence (indivisible), one in His attributes (without match), and one in His acts (without partner) — the exact opposite of the paired things He creates, and He rewards whoever performs odd-numbered acts of worship. C2

Key points

Al-Sindi glosses 'Witr' as: one in essence, not subject to division; one in attributes, having no like; one in acts, having no partner. C2

References

C2Hashiyat al-Sindi on al-Nasa'i on Sunan an-Nasa'i 1675 · al-Sindi, vol. 3 p. 227

Reflection & guidance

Meaning
A zawj (pair) is one of two matching things of the same kind — a couple or counterpart of the other — extended by the mufassirun beyond male and female to any two contrasting things, such as heat and cold or land and water. T2
Guidance from the Qur'an
The reader is called to see paired creation as a sign pointing beyond itself: general reflection is the purpose stated for pairs at large, while for spouses specifically the Qur'an names tranquility, love and mercy as the fruit of that pairing. Q1 Q4 Q5
Guidance from the Sunnah
The Prophet taught that Allah alone is 'Witr,' loving odd numbers, and instructed 'the people of the Qur'an' to pray Witr — locating Allah outside the pairing that characterises everything He creates. H1 H2
Guidance from the scholars
Al-Jalalayn says the purpose of pairs like male/female, heaven/earth and sun/moon is that one might 'realise that the Creator of pairs is Himself Singular.' Mufti Muhammad Shafi (Maarif-ul-Quran) adds that the specific wisdom of the spousal pair is tranquility, achieved only through mutual recognition of each other's rights. Al-Sindi explains that Allah's being Witr means one in essence, attributes and acts — unlike any paired thing. T1 T4 C2

Conclusion

Yes: the sources describe the pairs of creation as complementary and purposeful, not random. Their general purpose is to prompt reflection that leads to recognising the one, singular Creator behind all paired things, while the pairing of spouses is given a specific complementary purpose — tranquility, love and mercy between them.

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Explain All things were created in pairs.

Qur'an & Tafsir

Summary

Key points

51:49 states pairs were created 'so that you may heed'; al-Jalalayn explains the examples (heaven/earth, sun/moon, sweet/bitter, light/darkness) are meant to lead the reflective person to realise that the Creator of all these pairs is Himself Singular, and so worthy of worship alone. Q1 T1
53:45 specifies one dimension of pairing directly: 'He creates the pairs, male and female' - the two kinds, as al-Jalalayn glosses it. Q5 T5
36:36 widens the scope beyond male and female to 'whatever the earth grows,' to humans, and to 'that which they do not know'; Maarif-ul-Quran explains this includes contrasting categories like chill/heat, land/water, sorrow/happiness and health/sickness, and suggests male-female-like pairing may exist even in minerals and other elements not yet discovered. Q2 T2

References

Q1Adh-Dhariyat 51:49 · The Winnowing Winds
Q2Ya-Sin 36:36 · Ya Sin
Q5An-Najm 53:45 · The Star
T1Al-Jalalayn on 51:49
T2Maarif-ul-Quran on 36:36
T5Al-Jalalayn on 53:45

Sunnah

Summary

Key points

Sahih al-Bukhari records: 'Allah has ninety-nine Names... and Allah is witr (one) and loves the witr' (odd numbers). H4
In Ibn Majah's narration the Prophet told 'the people of the Qur'an' to pray Witr 'for Allah is Witr,' with the report's note glossing Witr as meaning 'one' - unique, with nothing similar or equal to Him. H1

References

H1Sunan Ibn Majah 1169 · Establishing the Prayer and the Sunnah Regarding Them
Authenticity
- Sahih Al-Albani
- Sahih Muhammad Fouad Abd al-Baqi
- Daif Zubair Ali Zai
H4Sahih al Bukhari 6410 · Invocations
Authenticity
- Sahih — the whole collection is accepted as authentic (Sahih al-Bukhari)

Hadith Commentaries

Summary

Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and al-Sindi explain that calling Allah 'Witr' affirms His absolute, indivisible Oneness, setting Him apart from everything else He creates in pairs or numbers. C1 C6

Key points

Al-Sindi explains three senses in which Allah is 'one' (witr): one in His essence (indivisible, not subject to division), one in His attributes (nothing resembles Him), and one in His actions (no partner assists Him). C1
Ibn Hajar reports al-Qurtubi's reading that the hadith's mention of Allah's names and His being Witr fit together: Allah is One in essence, perfection and action, and He 'loves' tawhid - that He alone be affirmed as One, without any partner among His creation. C6
Ibn Hajar also records disagreement over what exactly Allah 'loving the witr' refers to - Qadi Iyad tied it to odd-numbered names signalling His Oneness, others read it as referring to the witr prayer, Friday, or 'Arafah, while al-Qurtubi preferred the unrestricted reading that Allah loves every odd/witr thing He legislates. C6

References

C1Hashiyat al-Sindi on al-Nasa'i on Sunan an-Nasa'i 1675 · al-Sindi, vol. 3 p. 227
C6Fath al-Bari on Sahih al-Bukhari 6410 (part 14 of 14) · Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, vol. 11 p. 213

Reflection & guidance

Guidance from the Qur'an
The verses call the reader to reflect (tadhakkur, 51:49) on the paired nature of creation, and Ya-Sin opens with 'Pure/Glory is He who created all the pairs' (36:36) - directing the heart from observing this universal duality to declaring Allah transcendent above every imperfection His creation shows. Q1 Q2
Guidance from the Sunnah
The Prophet taught 'Allah is Witr (One) and loves the witr,' pairing this declaration with the enumeration of His ninety-nine names, and he himself prayed and commanded the odd-numbered Witr prayer - tying an act of worship to the theological truth of Allah's oneness. H4 H1
Guidance from the scholars
Al-Sindi explains Allah's oneness in three respects - indivisible in essence, unlike anything in attributes, unaided by any partner in action - while Ibn Hajar reports al-Qurtubi's view that the hadith calls believers to tawhid: that Allah alone, unlike everything paired that He creates, has no like or partner. C1 C6
Lesson for the reader
The Qur'an's repeated notice that everything else is created in pairs is meant to turn reflection toward the one exception - Allah - who alone is single, matchless and worthy of worship without partner. Q1 T1 C6

Conclusion

Give examples of every kind of contrasting duality

Qur'an & Tafsir

Summary

Key points

Ya-Sin 36:36 speaks of pairs 'of whatever the earth grows, of humans, and of what they do not know'; Maarif-ul-Quran explains this covers male-female pairing in plants (date-palm, papaya) and animals, and also contrasting qualities such as heat/cold, land/water, sorrow/joy and health/sickness. Q2 T2
Ar-Ra'd 13:3 says every fruit was created in two types, with night made to cover day as a further paired sign; Ibn Kathir adds that neighbouring plots of earth differ in colour, fertility and texture though watered alike. Q3 T3
Al-An'am 6:143 gives eight pairs of livestock - two of sheep, two of goats - while Az-Zukhruf 43:12 pairs man-made boats with the natural cattle given for riding. Q8 Q4 T4

References

Q1Adh-Dhariyat 51:49 · The Winnowing Winds
Q2Ya-Sin 36:36 · Ya Sin
Q3Ar-Ra'd 13:3 · The Thunder
Q4Az-Zukhruf 43:12 · The Ornaments of Gold
Q8Al-An'am 6:143 · The Cattle
T1Al-Jalalayn on 51:49
T2Maarif-ul-Quran on 36:36
T3Tafsir Ibn Kathir on 13:3
T4Maarif-ul-Quran on 43:12

Reflection & guidance

Meaning
Maarif-ul-Quran explains that a 'zawj' (pair) is not only a male-female couple but any two things of a matching kind, so 'pairs' also covers contrasting qualities like heat and cold, or land and water. T2
Guidance from the Qur'an
Adh-Dhariyat 51:49 lists heaven and earth, sun and moon, mountain and plain, summer and winter, sweet and bitter, light and darkness as pairs so 'that you may heed'; Ar-Ra'd 13:3 calls such signs food for 'a people who reflect'. Q1 T1 Q3
Guidance from the scholars
Al-Jalalayn says recognising the Creator of all these pairs leads to realising He Himself is Singular, and so worthy of worship alone; Maarif-ul-Quran notes the Qur'an even points to pairs 'they do not know', hinting at pairing in minerals and other creation not yet discovered. T1 T2
Lesson for the reader
Every contrasting pair observed in the world - from night and day to sweet and bitter - is meant to point the observer back to the one, matchless Creator who has no pair.

Conclusion

are they complementary pairs for a higher purpose ?

Qur'an & Tafsir

Summary

Key points

Pairs throughout creation are given 'so that you may heed' — the stated purpose is reflection leading to the Creator. Q1
Wives are created from among mankind specifically 'so that you may find tranquility in them,' with love and kindness placed between the pair. Q4
Paired fruits growing from the earth are likewise called signs 'for a people who think.' Q5

References

Q1Adh-Dhariyat 51:49 · The Winnowing Winds
Q4Ar-Rum 30:21 · The Romans
Q5Ar-Ra'd 13:3 · The Thunder

Sunnah

Summary

Key points

"Allah is witr (one) and loves 'the witr'" is given alongside the teaching on Allah's ninety-nine names. H2
The Prophet directed 'the people of the Qur'an' specifically to perform Witr prayer 'for Allah is Witr and He loves the odd (numbered).' H1

References

H1Sunan Ibn Majah 1170 · Establishing the Prayer and the Sunnah Regarding Them
Authenticity
- Sahih Al-Albani
- Sahih Muhammad Fouad Abd al-Baqi
- Sahih Lighairihi Shuaib Al Arnaut
- Daif Zubair Ali Zai
H2Sahih al Bukhari 6410 · Invocations
Authenticity
- Sahih — the whole collection is accepted as authentic (Sahih al-Bukhari)

Hadith Commentaries

Summary

Key points

Al-Sindi glosses 'Witr' as: one in essence, not subject to division; one in attributes, having no like; one in acts, having no partner. C2

References

C2Hashiyat al-Sindi on al-Nasa'i on Sunan an-Nasa'i 1675 · al-Sindi, vol. 3 p. 227

Reflection & guidance

Meaning
A zawj (pair) is one of two matching things of the same kind — a couple or counterpart of the other — extended by the mufassirun beyond male and female to any two contrasting things, such as heat and cold or land and water. T2
Guidance from the Qur'an
The reader is called to see paired creation as a sign pointing beyond itself: general reflection is the purpose stated for pairs at large, while for spouses specifically the Qur'an names tranquility, love and mercy as the fruit of that pairing. Q1 Q4 Q5
Guidance from the Sunnah
The Prophet taught that Allah alone is 'Witr,' loving odd numbers, and instructed 'the people of the Qur'an' to pray Witr — locating Allah outside the pairing that characterises everything He creates. H1 H2
Guidance from the scholars
Al-Jalalayn says the purpose of pairs like male/female, heaven/earth and sun/moon is that one might 'realise that the Creator of pairs is Himself Singular.' Mufti Muhammad Shafi (Maarif-ul-Quran) adds that the specific wisdom of the spousal pair is tranquility, achieved only through mutual recognition of each other's rights. Al-Sindi explains that Allah's being Witr means one in essence, attributes and acts — unlike any paired thing. T1 T4 C2

Conclusion

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